Acording to hearsay, during the Battle of Stalingrad, local soldiers were motivated to hold the city by way of mass executions of their peers by the soviets. I have learned to treat big numbers with healthy skepticism but the number thrown around is about a million Russians and Ukrainians executed by the soviets.
Whether the number is accurate or not, the soviets were definitely known to be cruel to the soldiers under their command. Aleksandr Solzhinitsyn wrote The GULAG Archipelago (Arkhipelag GULAG) based on his own experiences as a soldier who was arrested and sent into the GULAG system. Many of the stories he documented were of other soldiers who were swept up in the mass arrests and executionsalong with various sorts of intellectuals such as artists, writers, scientists, and engineers.
Our own polcymakers have much of the same attitudes towards military men as the soviets did. that Dr. Henry Kissinger referred to American soldiers as dumb, stupid animals. He's actually still active in some high-level policy discussions, but more to the point their actions, behaviors, and public statements indicate that current policymakers' attitudes towards military men are about the same.
It seems to me that many cultures treat their soldiers badly, and some more than others. There is some tradition of soldier-abuse in the English-speaking countries, much of it related to the military courts. The English Star Chamber was abolished in 1641, but the name lives on to refer to the British propensity for secret or rigged military trials.
The British Articles of War imposed a mandatory death sentence on British officers who failed to do their utmost in the service of the crown. The interpretation of utmost was left up to the judgment of armchair warriors who had nothing to lose. In practice, they had men shot for an orderly retreat from a hopeless position to spare their soldiers a massacre, lapses in judgment, poor strategy, or losing.
Ignoring questions about the value of human life, does this policy make sense from a coldly-practical point of view? High-ranking officers have to be recruited and cultivated. You only want smart, capable, effective men in these positions. Who with brains would agree to take such massive risk if his predecessor ended up in front of the firing squad because a government bureaucrat didn't agree with his handling of the situation?
If British politicians are hard on the officers they didn't spare the troops either. 346 British soldiers were shot during WW1, 306 of them for breeches of military discipline such as falling asleep at their post or reacting to the effects of severe shell-shock. Some of them were teenage boys, one as young as 14. They were shot at dawn by their own comrades who were ordered to do the deed; what impact do you suppose that had on morale?
American soldiers were apparently a little less expendable, fewer of them having been executed (that we know about!), but the founding fathers showed their own contempt for soldiers by paying the soldiers who fought the American Revolutionary War in fraudulent banknotes. This is the origin of the expression not worth a continental.
I suspect that you would find worse atrocities in the American Civil War. Contrary to modern historical spin, the war was extremely unpopular and widely considered fratricidal. The stakes were high enough that Abraham Lincoln ordered hundreds of secret arrests, trials, and imprisonment or executions of dissidents, while anti-draft demonstrators were massacred; it is reasonable to suspect that there were numerous unrecorded field executions to keep the troops motivated. Maybe he justified his crimes under the exigencies of international banking under seige.
The World Wars were complex, and massively propagandized, so I will skip commenting on the American experience of them here and jump ahead to Vietnam. Why did we lose over 50,000 troops over a country with no strategic value to our security or our economy? What were we trying to accomplishwere we supposed to defend our strategic rice fields? Wasn't a major goal of the war to increase the value of Lady Bird Johnson's Martin Marietta stock?
The high and pointless body count in Vietnam was the result of Pentagon budgeting. Just past the height of our industrial prime, Pentagon planners were sacrificing drafted men to spare equipment and weapons. That's why they want a military draft again.
We lost that war. There are two popular theories regarding why we lost that war. Both of them are wrong.
A theory that is popular outside-the-beltway is that empires either can't or don't know how to fight guerilla wars. The theory inside-the-beltway is similar: that empires fare poorly in guerilla wars because they aren't ruthless enough. If only they would be ruthless enough, they could break the collective will of the target population. And the only thing stopping the Empire from being more ruthless is lack of cooperation from its own population. The Nomenklatura consider us to be fat, lazy, and soft. They want to toughen us up and harden our hearts.
They don't want us to feel sympathy for the soldiers who are fighting their battles for them. The excuse of toughening up the troops makes it easier for the policy people to cut benefits to soldiers, ban photography or video at military funerals, lie about the casualty rates, overextend and overtax the troops, allow low-ranking soldiers to take the blame when high-level orders to torture and humiliate prisoners of war were exposed, let soldiers take the blame for unpopular wars as if they had any say in the matter, and pay for persecution, harassment, and ritual humiliation of soldiers through government grants to activist groups that are hostile to them. Your first clue that things are not as they seem should have been that a lot of American antiwar dissent attacks the soldiers but praises the government that sent them. Jane Fonda is more welcome in Establishment circles than the soldiers she demonized.
The real reason that we lost Vietnam, and are losing Iraq, is because our rulers are far too corrupt to be effective. During Vietnam, they sent wheat and strategic resources to the Soviet Union to keep it propped up; had they put an economic embargo on the country instead, it and all of its allies would have collapsed. The Soviet economic and foreign policy models were fatally flawed, but our politicians were keeping them going anyway for the sake of the investment bankers who had originally sponsored the soviets to seize Russia's mineral wealth.
I am not a moral person; I simply favor harmony over brutality. If the US-British invasion of Iraq would have been the surgical strike that was promised, and if the colonial masters who were put in charge of running the occupation had been competent, I would have considered going over to work on rebuilding the infrastructure. But a quick Google search on their names revealed that every single one of them had the wrong background to get the job done. Putting members of JINSA in charge of Iraq was like putting the Turks in charge of the Armenians: a recipe for malice and sabotage. I knew it was going to turn into massacre and plunder, and I realized that the Iraqis would not fall for staged photo shoots and poorly-contrived Photoshop photomontages that were instantly recognizable as fakes.
It's important to remember that Iraqi prisoners-of-war, even if they are not wearing uniforms because they are not working for any standing government (someone already saw to that), are soldiers too. The constant demonizing of Iraqi soldiers by the sadistic, malicious American press is not only encouraging the cruelty that was already planned for them, but also cheapening the lives of soldiers in general.
Iraq was a lost cause not because our politicians have been too kind to the soldiers, but because of the unworthy character of the people who were in charge. The people in charge won't admit their own character flaws, incompetence, and corruption: instead, they will blame their failures on the people under their command for not having enough resolve (to the last man!), and will keep escalating the abuse. It will eventually turn into the GULAG Archipelago all over again.
These are our brothers and sisters I am talking about. Our sons and daughters. Don't heed the government propaganda; defend our flesh and blood.